![]() Unlike the resource-rich emergency department, prehospital providers cannot rely on imaging studies or thoracic surgery consultation when evaluating individuals with a possible pneumothorax (see Image. Identifying this condition in the prehospital setting is challenging. Treating pneumothorax can be relatively simple, though complications like cardiac or major blood vessel injury can occur. Tension pneumothorax arises when intrathoracic air pressure is high enough to shift mediastinal contents contralaterally. Up to 1 in 20 major trauma patients develop tension pneumothorax. Continuous air accumulation can increase intrathoracic pressure. The condition develops when air accumulates in the pleural space, causing partial or complete lung collapse. Pneumothorax is one potentially life-threatening condition that may be quickly identified with high-quality physical examination skills. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.Prehospital providers are responsible for identifying and treating various conditions that may need rapid intervention. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. Links to other sites are provided for information only – they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy editorial process and privacy policy. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. is accredited by URAC, for Health Content Provider (URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. There may be genetic factors which contribute to this problem.Ī.D.A.M., Inc. ![]() This occurs because of the pressure needed to expand the lungs for the first time. Less commonly, otherwise healthy infants can develop an air leak when they take the first few breaths after birth. ![]() Other causes include pneumonia (infection of the lung) or underdeveloped lung tissue. ![]() This may obstruct the airways and cause breathing problems. Before or during birth, the baby may breathe in the first bowel movement, called meconium.Meconium aspiration syndrome is another cause of pneumothorax in newborns. If the baby needs a breathing machine (mechanical ventilator), extra pressure on the baby's lungs, from the machine can sometimes burst the air sacs.Therefore, the tiny air sacs are not able to expand as easily. The baby's lungs lack the slippery substance (surfactant) that helps them stay open (inflated).This is a condition that occurs in babies who are born too early (premature). The most common cause of pneumothorax is respiratory distress syndrome. This causes air to leak into the space between the lung and chest wall (pleural space). A pneumothorax occurs when some of the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in a baby's lung become overinflated and burst.
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